Explanation:

A. Multiple automation types on a single object: This can lead to race conditions, unpredictable behavior, and inefficient processing. When different automation tools (like triggers, workflows, and multiple flows) are triggered by the same event on the same object, their execution order isn't always guaranteed, making debugging difficult and increasing transaction times.
B. External API calls within the pricing sequence: In Salesforce CPQ and Billing, pricing calculations need to be as fast as possible to provide a good user experience. Making synchronous API calls to external systems during this process introduces latency and potential points of failure, which can significantly slow down the user interface and overall system performance. For this reason, it's a best practice to keep the pricing sequence self-contained and free of external dependencies.
C. Extensive use of quote line custom fields: While custom fields are necessary for specific business logic, having an excessive number of them on high-volume objects like Quote Line can impact performance. It increases the data load and processing time for a quote, particularly during quote generation, recalculation, and document creation. Instead of relying on a large number of custom fields, metadata-driven approaches (like Revenue Cloud Advanced's dynamic attributes) are more performant and scalable.

Why other options are incorrect
D. Routine generation of quotes having 200 quote lines: While large quotes can impact performance, especially if poorly configured, it is a common business scenario that Salesforce CPQ is built to handle. With best practices in place, generating quotes with 200 lines should be manageable and doesn't represent a negative design pattern in itself, but rather a factor to be managed through careful design.
E. Routine generation of invoices having 200 invoice lines: Similar to large quotes, generating invoices with many lines is a standard function of Salesforce Billing. The system is designed to handle this through batch processing and asynchronous jobs. This is a large-volume process that should be handled efficiently with proper design, not an inherently negative design example.

Explanation:

To implement the user story of rewarding loyal customers with bulk discounts based on previously purchased quantities, the design of the solution should include the following components:

Contracts, Subscriptions and Assets should be populated with historical data. This is necessary to track the customer’s purchase history and determine the appropriate discount tier for each product or service.
Contracts, Subscriptions and Assets are the core objects of Revenue Cloud that store the information about the customer’s agreements, recurring charges, and entitlements.
By migrating the historical data from the legacy system to these objects, the customer can leverage the Revenue Cloud features such as renewal management, usage-based pricing, and revenue recognition.

Discount schedules with Cross Orders checked. This is the feature that enables the bulk discounts based on previously purchased quantities. A discount schedule is a set of discount tiers that apply to a product or a product option based on the quantity or amount ordered.
By checking the Cross Orders option, the discount schedule will consider the quantities from all the orders associated with the same account, contract, or subscription. This way, the customer can reward their loyal customers with lower prices for higher volumes.

References:
1: Revenue Management Platform & CPQ Solution - Salesforce.com US
2: Salesforce Introduces Revenue Cloud to Help Businesses Accelerate Revenue Growth Across Any Channel - Salesforce
3: Give Discounts for Long Subscriptions Unit | Salesforce Trailhead
4: Discount Schedules - Salesforce
5: Salesforce Revenue Cloud Trailmix - Trailhead

During User Acceptance Testing (UAT), when an incident is submitted due to a discrepancy in the invoice total, the following information should be included in the description of the incident for a quick resolution:

B. Quote number, order number, or invoice number: This information is crucial as it helps identify the specific transaction that has caused the issue1.

D. Steps to reproduce the issue: Providing a clear and detailed step-by-step process to reproduce the issue is essential. This allows the team to understand the exact scenario under which the issue occurs, making it easier to diagnose and resolve1.

E. Expected results: Clearly stating what the expected results should be provides a benchmark against which the actual results can be compared. This helps in understanding the deviation and the impact of the issue1.

References

Learn About User Acceptance Testing Unit | Salesforce Trailhead
User Acceptance Testing Strategies for Large Data Volume Scenarios | Salesforce Education
Resolve an Incident - Salesforce
Steps to Implement Incident Management in Your Salesforce Org

Explanation:

This question tests your in-depth knowledge of the Salesforce CPQ calculation pipeline. Understanding this sequence is critical for a Revenue Cloud Consultant to debug complex pricing issues and correctly implement logic in Price Rules and Quote Calculator Plugins (QCPs). The engine processes events in a very specific, non-negotiable order.

Let's break down the correct sequence from option D:

internal initialization:
The CPQ engine first sets up its internal state and prepares for the calculation.
on Initialization:
This is the first event where a Quote Calculator Plugin (QCP) can execute custom logic. It's used to set up initial variables and states before any core calculations begin.
calculate formulas:
The engine calculates the values of all formula fields on the quote and quote lines. This is a crucial early step because subsequent logic (like Price Rules) often depends on these formula values.
Before Calculate:
This is the event where Price Rules with the "Before Calculate" scope are executed. These rules are typically used to populate custom fields or set conditions that are needed for the main pricing logic.
calculate quantities:
The engine calculates the Quantity and Additional Quantity fields for bundled products. This must happen before the main pricing event so that all quantities are final.
On Calculate:
This is the main pricing event.
Price Rules with the "On Calculate" scope are executed. This is where the majority of discounting and pricing logic is applied.
The core CPQ pricing engine applies list prices, block pricing, tiered pricing, etc.
The Price Waterfall is a visualization of the "On Calculate" event, showing the sequential application of various price adjustments (Cost, List Price, Discounts, etc.).
Price Waterfall Calculation:
This is not a separate event but is the visual output of the "On Calculate" step. In the sequence, it is a conceptual part of "On Calculate."
After Calculate:
This is the final event where a Quote Calculator Plugin (QCP) can execute logic. It's used for final summaries, validations, or custom roll-ups after all other pricing calculations are complete.

Why the Other Options are Incorrect:
A: This sequence is incorrect because it places calculate formulas and calculate quantities before the QCP's on Initialization event, and it incorrectly separates the "Price Waterfall Calculation" as a step after "On Calculate."
B: This sequence is incorrect and jumbled. It places the "Price Waterfall Calculation" far too early, before the main "On Calculate" event where it logically occurs.
C: This sequence is incorrect because it places calculate quantities before calculate formulas. Formula fields often depend on quantity, so quantities must be calculated first. It also places calculate formulas at the very end, which is wrong as formulas are needed for pricing logic.

Key Concept:
CPQ Calculation Pipeline & Event Order. A Revenue Cloud Consultant must have a precise understanding of the calculation sequence to place logic in the correct event (e.g., using a "Before Calculate" rule to set a field used in an "On Calculate" rule, or using an "After Calculate" QCP method to perform a final validation). Misunderstanding this sequence is a common source of miscalculations and bugs.
The authoritative source for this is the Salesforce CPQ Developer Guide, which details the SBQQ.CalculatorContext events and the order in which they are executed.

Explanation:

Salesforce Revenue Cloud allows businesses to automate key processes related to recurring revenue models1. The ‘Renewal Forecasted’ field should be checked as early as possible to allow for accurate forecasting and planning. This helps businesses anticipate future revenue and make informed decisions about resource allocation and strategy. On the other hand, the ‘Renewal Quoted’ field should be checked closer to the Contract End Date. This is because the quote for renewal is typically generated and sent to the customer near the end of the contract term, allowing for any changes in pricing, terms, or services to be included21.

References

Revenue Cycle Management Software by Revenue Cloud - Salesforce

Salesforce Introduces Revenue Cloud to Help Businesses Accelerate Revenue Growth Across

Any Channel - Salesforce Sales

Manage Contracts and Renewals Unit | Salesforce Trailhead

A Guide to Recurring Revenue Enablement with Salesforce